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which is dedicated to human space flight

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on the space shuttle and the

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international space station

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i would like to first of all thank our

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sponsor boeing which makes possible this

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what's new in aerospace series i'd like

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to welcome our live audience visitors

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from the museum and middle schoolers

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from whitner whittier academic campus

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here in washington d.c

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it's good to see all you students here

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today

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welcome also to our online audience and

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our television viewing audience

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today's program is about science and

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space walking on the international space

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station and i'm very pleased to

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introduce our guest astronaut chell

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lindgren

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a nasa astronaut who only recently

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returned from a five-month stay

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on the international space station

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you can see a model of the international

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space station behind him it's a facility

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as big as a football field in space and

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it's been occupied by humans since the

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year 2000

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consecutively we've had human beings in

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space

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chell is a very interesting person he's

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a medical doctor

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he is a specialist in emergency medicine

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and aerospace medicine he's a dad of

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three children and a husband

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uh he's a specialist in what happens to

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the human body in space and when one

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returns to earth so i think we're gonna

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have a really interesting program today

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thank you for being here thank you so

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much dr neil it's uh it's absolute

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pleasure to be here um you know i

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graduated from high school uh in

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northern virginia so

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um spent a lot of time coming into dc

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and every excuse that i had uh would

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come here to the to the air and space

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museum um and so i actually have

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something for you all

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um this is my mission presentation board

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and uh and it says presented to the

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smithsonian national air and space

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museum washington d.c from the

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international space station crew of

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expedition 44 and 45. so thank you so

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much for having me

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as chair of the space history department

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i will be delighted to add this to our

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collection

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we're going to do a very format program

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today some of it's going to be

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conversation

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some of it is going to be a video

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and some of it's going to be questions

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and answers from the audience so be

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thinking about what you want to know and

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we're going to start by just sitting and

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chatting for a minute

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um

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i'd love to know uh chill about your

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journey to becoming an astronaut we have

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middle schoolers and younger here today

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can you share with us what were you like

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when you were their age what were you

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interested in what were you doing sure

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well i've wanted to be an astronaut for

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as long as i can remember um

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i

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that journey uh to space and and so

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teachers instructors mentors coaches um

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and family my parents are actually here

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today uh who

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you know were incredibly supportive

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of this dream and so i'm very grateful

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uh

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to to my parents grateful to my family

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and friends and to all those people that

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really kind of invested in me um as i

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pursued this goal

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i think

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well in middle school i was interested

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in in planes and and

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in space

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movies and hanging out with my friends

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but i think it's important even at the

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age of middle school uh i think if

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you're if you're very young

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for those that are interested in joining

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us uh joining us in exploration or just

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joining us at nasa

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um

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reading is critically important and

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it just increases your vocabulary it

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creates pathways in your brain

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for learning and it was so fundamentally

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important to me i like to say that

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reading that books pave my path to space

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that i actually put a uh let's see here

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it is i put a book at the bottom of my

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expedition patch um just to represent

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how foundational it was uh to my

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experience

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um

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i think uh

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if you're interested in in

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becoming an astronaut you know you find

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where you have a passion where you have

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a talent um and you pursue that and if

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it's within the domain that we are

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choosing astronauts from right now so

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science technology engineering

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mathematics um you know that's where we

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go to to look for our new astronauts for

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our new explorers and it's doubly

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important to be talking um with you all

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this morning because you all are the

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generation that's going to go to mars

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you are going to be building our the

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rockets that take us there and there's

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somebody in your generation that's gonna

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put that first step on mars so i'm i'm

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very excited to see you all here today

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it's good to hear you comment on the

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importance of reading too though because

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i think with the emphasis on stem we

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also often

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kind of neglect or undervalue

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the humanities

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the importance of being literate being

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able to communicate well

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and just being a well-versed person a

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well-rounded person so well i know that

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there's there's even a push now to

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include arts in that in that acronym so

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steam

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uh you know a standing for arts and i

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think that's critically important

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because

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you know we

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we have scientists and engineers doctors

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um and pilots they're getting us into

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space

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but we are desperate to communicate that

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experience and so

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having read a lot being able to

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communicate to be able to communicate

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that experience through

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the mediums of film through words

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uh maybe even through poetry or painting

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that is how we can reach out and share

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that experience even more so

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i think it's critically important though

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especially for the

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for the kids in the audience

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as you decide what you want to do you

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you really want to identify that area

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where you have a passion and a talent

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because that's what you're going to be

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good at

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and nasa

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looks in all those various disciplines

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for the best people in the field and if

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you're good at something you're going to

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you're going to do great fine

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so you were passionate about aircraft

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and you went to the air force academy

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but you came into the astronaut corps

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through a different path that's right

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through medicine

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would you like to talk about that

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when did you develop that interest in

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becoming a physician sure well even in

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high school i had an interest and a

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talent for biology

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and while i was at the air force academy

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i figured out that uh that that's really

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where my passion and talent lay i i went

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into the air force academy thinking i

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wanted to do astronautical or

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aeronautical engineering but i really

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found that i was good at biology and so

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i studied pre-med

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and i was also interested in service so

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the trick about

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pursuing that goal of becoming an

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astronaut is that i recognized that it

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was

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it seemed like a near impossible thing

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to do and so i pursued a goal um

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a career that that i knew that that

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would challenge me um it would provide

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me the opportunity to serve

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which is a priority for me as well

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and uh and something that i could do for

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the rest of my life and so that's why i

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pursued medicine um but i still had that

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passion for human space flight and so

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found ways that i could kind of merge

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those two domains and went off to study

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aerospace medicine after i had done

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emergency medicine and then got a job as

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a physician at uh at johnson space

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center and served as a flight surgeon

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there for a couple of years before i got

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selected into the astronaut office

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that was very smart of you i think to

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pursue your passion

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and

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in a field where you knew you could

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build a career because thousands of

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people apply to become an astronaut and

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5 10 20

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maybe 35 at the most at a time are ever

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selected so it's almost as hard as

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becoming a professional athlete

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you know um and so i feel very blessed

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to to have this opportunity um i think

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all of us look back when we're getting

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selected and recognized that in that

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group that comes out to do interviews

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that are absolutely amazing people that

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you're interviewing with

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and uh and the stats at that time we

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interview 120 people and and for our

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class we chose nine um so it was like

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one out of 20 people were

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would would get chosen from that small

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interview group and um and

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any one of those people could have done

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this job as well or better that than i'm

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doing and uh and so it's very humbling

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to to get to do it recognizing the

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amazing people that uh that you went

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through the interview process with now

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you did something rather unusual and

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extraordinary when you were at the air

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force academy can you share that with us

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i'm not sure what you're doing you're

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competitive oh i see it yeah um so i was

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on the parachute team at the air force

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academy

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and had the opportunity again to serve

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as a jump master and instructor we have

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a unique program at the air force

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academy where we put our students out in

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free fall on their very first jump so no

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static line not a tandem jump they go

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out on their own with their parachute

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into free fall and uh and deploy their

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parachutes and so it's an amazing um

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it's an amazing team to be a part of and

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amazing to to get to invest in in these

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other cadets these other students to

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help them achieve this uh pretty amazing

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um

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opportunity of of getting to free fall

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parachute and then you compete with

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other teams that's right so i was on the

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competition team so in addition to being

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a jump master and instructor um i was on

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the competition team and so our the air

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force academy has a tremendous record of

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uh just many years of being the

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intercollegiate uh champions and art and

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they're so good now that they've gone on

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to compete at national competition not

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just with other college students but

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with international parachutists and and

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do very well there so can you give us an

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example of what is a competitive event

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are you trying to

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land exactly on that that's actually

282
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that's actually one of the domains it's

283
00:11:06,550 --> 00:11:02,800
um called accuracy and so you jump out

284
00:11:07,910 --> 00:11:06,560
at you know thousands of feet and try to

285
00:11:10,550 --> 00:11:07,920
touch your heel

286
00:11:11,590 --> 00:11:10,560
on a dot the size of a dime as you land

287
00:11:12,470 --> 00:11:11,600
and so

288
00:11:13,829 --> 00:11:12,480
um

289
00:11:15,269 --> 00:11:13,839
so that's one of the competitions

290
00:11:18,069 --> 00:11:15,279
another one is uh

291
00:11:20,069 --> 00:11:18,079
formations so jumping out with with uh

292
00:11:21,829 --> 00:11:20,079
three other people a formation of four

293
00:11:23,990 --> 00:11:21,839
and doing as many formations as you can

294
00:11:26,550 --> 00:11:24,000
in a given amount of time uh so that

295
00:11:29,670 --> 00:11:26,560
must be so much fun it's incredible

296
00:11:31,910 --> 00:11:29,680
absolutely oh goodness well um all of

297
00:11:34,389 --> 00:11:31,920
this sounds like you know an extremely

298
00:11:36,630 --> 00:11:34,399
successful path to becoming an astronaut

299
00:11:39,509 --> 00:11:36,640
and fulfilling your childhood dream but

300
00:11:41,430 --> 00:11:39,519
did you ever have any setbacks or

301
00:11:44,310 --> 00:11:41,440
did you ever kind of miss one of your

302
00:11:45,910 --> 00:11:44,320
goals along the way absolutely so i talk

303
00:11:47,350 --> 00:11:45,920
about this quite a bit

304
00:11:49,750 --> 00:11:47,360
when i have the opportunity to talk with

305
00:11:51,350 --> 00:11:49,760
kids and with university students you

306
00:11:52,870 --> 00:11:51,360
know i think about

307
00:11:55,269 --> 00:11:52,880
my time on the international space

308
00:11:57,430 --> 00:11:55,279
station is just one leg

309
00:11:59,110 --> 00:11:57,440
one amazing part of an overall

310
00:12:01,030 --> 00:11:59,120
extraordinary journey and so i think all

311
00:12:02,870 --> 00:12:01,040
of us are on a path

312
00:12:06,230 --> 00:12:02,880
for me my destination my goal is to

313
00:12:11,350 --> 00:12:08,310
but that path is not an even an even

314
00:12:13,110 --> 00:12:11,360
path it's not an easy one and there are

315
00:12:15,269 --> 00:12:13,120
valleys and there are peaks along the

316
00:12:17,030 --> 00:12:15,279
way and the peaks those mountains are

317
00:12:19,990 --> 00:12:17,040
are the challenges that we get to choose

318
00:12:22,150 --> 00:12:20,000
uh going to college or

319
00:12:24,230 --> 00:12:22,160
pursuing a some type of a professional

320
00:12:26,389 --> 00:12:24,240
goal it's difficult and as you're

321
00:12:28,150 --> 00:12:26,399
climbing that mountain you're developing

322
00:12:29,110 --> 00:12:28,160
skills that you're tucking away for

323
00:12:30,069 --> 00:12:29,120
future

324
00:12:32,230 --> 00:12:30,079
um

325
00:12:34,230 --> 00:12:32,240
for future challenges and as you get to

326
00:12:36,310 --> 00:12:34,240
the peak so as you graduate from high

327
00:12:38,550 --> 00:12:36,320
school as you're graduating from college

328
00:12:40,150 --> 00:12:38,560
your view of that challenge of that of

329
00:12:42,550 --> 00:12:40,160
your view of that destination that goal

330
00:12:44,069 --> 00:12:42,560
becomes all the more clear um but there

331
00:12:45,750 --> 00:12:44,079
are valleys along the way too and you

332
00:12:49,350 --> 00:12:45,760
don't get to choose those you slip into

333
00:12:51,509 --> 00:12:49,360
those um and and those are difficult uh

334
00:12:54,949 --> 00:12:51,519
places to climb out of as well but as

335
00:12:59,990 --> 00:12:57,430
you are also building skills uh and

336
00:13:01,670 --> 00:13:00,000
becoming resilient for future challenges

337
00:13:03,750 --> 00:13:01,680
as well

338
00:13:05,190 --> 00:13:03,760
building character absolutely right so

339
00:13:07,269 --> 00:13:05,200
for myself and i'll just ask the

340
00:13:10,069 --> 00:13:07,279
audience who thinks that the path to

341
00:13:12,389 --> 00:13:10,079
becoming an astronaut that thinking that

342
00:13:14,230 --> 00:13:12,399
being medically

343
00:13:16,790 --> 00:13:14,240
washed out of pilot training and being

344
00:13:18,389 --> 00:13:16,800
discharged from the air force is a good

345
00:13:19,990 --> 00:13:18,399
building foundation for becoming an

346
00:13:21,910 --> 00:13:20,000
astronaut

347
00:13:24,710 --> 00:13:21,920
yeah that doesn't sound too good yeah

348
00:13:26,230 --> 00:13:24,720
that's what happened to me so i was uh i

349
00:13:29,110 --> 00:13:26,240
was in the air force even though i was

350
00:13:30,550 --> 00:13:29,120
pre-med i went to pilot training um but

351
00:13:31,910 --> 00:13:30,560
i was diagnosed with a medical condition

352
00:13:33,750 --> 00:13:31,920
and ultimately

353
00:13:35,190 --> 00:13:33,760
discharged from the air force and and so

354
00:13:36,790 --> 00:13:35,200
that was for me

355
00:13:38,150 --> 00:13:36,800
absolutely i mean probably the most

356
00:13:41,030 --> 00:13:38,160
devastating thing to happen in my

357
00:13:43,030 --> 00:13:41,040
professional career and it obliterated

358
00:13:44,470 --> 00:13:43,040
in my mind any possibility of becoming

359
00:13:46,629 --> 00:13:44,480
an astronaut

360
00:13:48,230 --> 00:13:46,639
so not only did i lose this overall

361
00:13:51,750 --> 00:13:48,240
dream of getting to fly in space but

362
00:13:54,310 --> 00:13:51,760
just becoming a pilot um

363
00:13:55,430 --> 00:13:54,320
was you know that dream also was was uh

364
00:13:56,949 --> 00:13:55,440
was lost

365
00:13:57,829 --> 00:13:56,959
um but

366
00:14:00,389 --> 00:13:57,839
again

367
00:14:01,430 --> 00:14:00,399
when you're in that valley you reassess

368
00:14:03,670 --> 00:14:01,440
your map

369
00:14:05,750 --> 00:14:03,680
and and i decided well what are my other

370
00:14:08,150 --> 00:14:05,760
options i reassessed my destination my

371
00:14:09,750 --> 00:14:08,160
goal and decided that uh becoming a

372
00:14:11,030 --> 00:14:09,760
physician that that was still an

373
00:14:14,069 --> 00:14:11,040
opportunity

374
00:14:16,069 --> 00:14:14,079
a worthy pursuit and uh and so i

375
00:14:18,470 --> 00:14:16,079
readjusted and and uh

376
00:14:20,870 --> 00:14:18,480
had the great uh really it's just such a

377
00:14:23,030 --> 00:14:20,880
blessing to come back around be

378
00:14:25,670 --> 00:14:23,040
re-evaluated for that medical condition

379
00:14:28,710 --> 00:14:25,680
um to have it established is not an

380
00:14:30,550 --> 00:14:28,720
issue and then ultimately to to get to

381
00:14:34,069 --> 00:14:30,560
where i am today second chance yeah and

382
00:14:36,069 --> 00:14:34,079
so i look back on that despite uh being

383
00:14:41,030 --> 00:14:36,079
um

384
00:14:43,750 --> 00:14:41,040
back at the path that i've taken i

385
00:14:45,990 --> 00:14:43,760
wouldn't trade it for anything

386
00:14:48,550 --> 00:14:46,000
why don't we move to some questions now

387
00:14:50,790 --> 00:14:48,560
i'm sure people have um questions they

388
00:14:53,030 --> 00:14:50,800
would like to ask you and our first one

389
00:14:53,990 --> 00:14:53,040
will be coming to us from online okay

390
00:14:56,629 --> 00:14:54,000
great

391
00:14:59,670 --> 00:14:56,639
um and the question is how are the

392
00:15:01,189 --> 00:14:59,680
spacesuits stored on the space station

393
00:15:02,870 --> 00:15:01,199
all right that's a great question so we

394
00:15:04,310 --> 00:15:02,880
have the spacesuits that we wear in the

395
00:15:05,590 --> 00:15:04,320
capsule

396
00:15:07,030 --> 00:15:05,600
our launch and entry suits they're

397
00:15:09,269 --> 00:15:07,040
pressure suits that we would just use in

398
00:15:10,949 --> 00:15:09,279
an emergency if

399
00:15:13,110 --> 00:15:10,959
the capsule that we're riding and loses

400
00:15:14,310 --> 00:15:13,120
pressure those are stored in the capsule

401
00:15:16,710 --> 00:15:14,320
itself

402
00:15:18,870 --> 00:15:16,720
we dry them out after we wear them

403
00:15:21,110 --> 00:15:18,880
so that mold and nasty stuff doesn't

404
00:15:22,069 --> 00:15:21,120
grow inside of it and then we

405
00:15:25,269 --> 00:15:22,079
and then we store those in the

406
00:15:27,590 --> 00:15:25,279
spacecraft our emu's the big puffy white

407
00:15:29,350 --> 00:15:27,600
spacesuits that we wear on spacewalks

408
00:15:30,710 --> 00:15:29,360
those are generally stored in the

409
00:15:32,710 --> 00:15:30,720
airlock

410
00:15:33,990 --> 00:15:32,720
two of them are mounted on the side of

411
00:15:35,910 --> 00:15:34,000
the equipment lock where we would

412
00:15:37,509 --> 00:15:35,920
actually go to put them on and the rest

413
00:15:39,430 --> 00:15:37,519
of them are kind of stuffed back into

414
00:15:40,949 --> 00:15:39,440
the crew lock the area that when we're

415
00:15:43,189 --> 00:15:40,959
getting ready to do a spacewalk that has

416
00:15:44,790 --> 00:15:43,199
actually taken down a vacuum um that's

417
00:15:46,710 --> 00:15:44,800
where we keep those spacesuits the two

418
00:15:48,790 --> 00:15:46,720
that are hanging there on the wall

419
00:15:50,550 --> 00:15:48,800
almost look like another person they do

420
00:15:52,470 --> 00:15:50,560
absolutely yeah so if you're not ready

421
00:15:54,629 --> 00:15:52,480
to see them hanging out there that can

422
00:15:56,069 --> 00:15:54,639
be a little bit of a surprise exactly i

423
00:16:01,749 --> 00:15:56,079
see we have a fellow here with the

424
00:16:06,550 --> 00:16:04,150
to be weightless it's amazing and so you

425
00:16:09,910 --> 00:16:06,560
see when you see uh television shows or

426
00:16:11,269 --> 00:16:09,920
movies where astronauts are floating um

427
00:16:12,710 --> 00:16:11,279
it's an incredible thing it's hard to

428
00:16:14,389 --> 00:16:12,720
describe you just

429
00:16:16,870 --> 00:16:14,399
you just you're hanging there in the

430
00:16:18,150 --> 00:16:16,880
middle of the the module

431
00:16:19,910 --> 00:16:18,160
and it's not something that you've ever

432
00:16:21,749 --> 00:16:19,920
really had the opportunity to experience

433
00:16:23,430 --> 00:16:21,759
before but that

434
00:16:24,550 --> 00:16:23,440
is what it's like for the entire time

435
00:16:26,389 --> 00:16:24,560
that you're up there so it takes a

436
00:16:27,910 --> 00:16:26,399
little bit of time to get used to but

437
00:16:29,990 --> 00:16:27,920
it's lots of fun to be able to float

438
00:16:32,710 --> 00:16:30,000
around to get from one place to another

439
00:16:34,470 --> 00:16:32,720
to pretend like you're a superman and uh

440
00:16:35,910 --> 00:16:34,480
and to be able to move huge pieces of

441
00:16:38,710 --> 00:16:35,920
equipment around

442
00:16:38,720 --> 00:16:41,110
yeah

443
00:16:44,710 --> 00:16:42,870
thank you so much for that question play

444
00:16:46,870 --> 00:16:44,720
a little bit when there is we do we do

445
00:16:48,629 --> 00:16:46,880
goof around a little bit um

446
00:16:50,949 --> 00:16:48,639
and and actually i'm going to show you

447
00:16:52,949 --> 00:16:50,959
all my post flight uh video here in a

448
00:16:54,550 --> 00:16:52,959
little while and okay so we

449
00:16:59,430 --> 00:16:54,560
i'll show you a little bit of that yeah

450
00:17:02,870 --> 00:17:01,670
how long have i been with nasa well i've

451
00:17:06,309 --> 00:17:02,880
been

452
00:17:07,909 --> 00:17:06,319
working for nasa for about nine years

453
00:17:09,829 --> 00:17:07,919
i started

454
00:17:11,510 --> 00:17:09,839
as a flight surgeon so as a physician

455
00:17:13,350 --> 00:17:11,520
that takes care of the astronauts it

456
00:17:15,110 --> 00:17:13,360
takes care of the crew

457
00:17:16,390 --> 00:17:15,120
and most of that time was actually spent

458
00:17:17,750 --> 00:17:16,400
in russia

459
00:17:20,949 --> 00:17:17,760
supporting the astronauts that are out

460
00:17:23,110 --> 00:17:20,959
there training um in star city and then

461
00:17:24,630 --> 00:17:23,120
after two years i i applied when we had

462
00:17:26,390 --> 00:17:24,640
an astronaut selection and and got

463
00:17:28,789 --> 00:17:26,400
selected into the astronaut office and

464
00:17:31,590 --> 00:17:28,799
that was in 2009 so i've been an

465
00:17:36,630 --> 00:17:31,600
astronaut for about seven years

466
00:17:40,310 --> 00:17:38,710
absolutely

467
00:17:41,669 --> 00:17:40,320
they keep us busy on the space station

468
00:17:43,110 --> 00:17:41,679
so the question had to do with what's a

469
00:17:44,789 --> 00:17:43,120
typical day like

470
00:17:47,270 --> 00:17:44,799
well

471
00:17:49,750 --> 00:17:47,280
our first scheduled activity is at seven

472
00:17:51,510 --> 00:17:49,760
about 7 30. so most of us will get up at

473
00:17:54,070 --> 00:17:51,520
about 6 or 6 30.

474
00:17:55,350 --> 00:17:54,080
i just set a watch alarm to wake me up

475
00:17:56,950 --> 00:17:55,360
and i only slept through it one time

476
00:17:59,750 --> 00:17:56,960
while i was up there much to the

477
00:18:00,710 --> 00:17:59,760
enjoyment of my crewmates um

478
00:18:02,310 --> 00:18:00,720
but

479
00:18:04,070 --> 00:18:02,320
when we get up we do all of the morning

480
00:18:07,350 --> 00:18:04,080
hygiene things that you do down here use

481
00:18:09,750 --> 00:18:07,360
the bathroom shave brush my teeth

482
00:18:12,470 --> 00:18:09,760
and then we'll make i'll make my first

483
00:18:14,150 --> 00:18:12,480
bag of morning coffee and then look at

484
00:18:16,710 --> 00:18:14,160
the day's schedule to see if there's

485
00:18:18,390 --> 00:18:16,720
anything i need to be prepared for i'll

486
00:18:19,510 --> 00:18:18,400
eat breakfast and then we'll get ready

487
00:18:21,510 --> 00:18:19,520
for

488
00:18:22,950 --> 00:18:21,520
our morning conference at about 7 30

489
00:18:25,830 --> 00:18:22,960
where we talk with the ground about the

490
00:18:27,190 --> 00:18:25,840
day's activities after that we we hit

491
00:18:29,750 --> 00:18:27,200
the ground running or hit the ground

492
00:18:31,270 --> 00:18:29,760
floating i guess

493
00:18:33,270 --> 00:18:31,280
and that's doing science doing

494
00:18:34,870 --> 00:18:33,280
maintenance on the space station we do

495
00:18:36,470 --> 00:18:34,880
two and a half hours of exercise every

496
00:18:38,230 --> 00:18:36,480
day so we put that in there we get an

497
00:18:39,750 --> 00:18:38,240
hour off for lunch and then it's back to

498
00:18:41,590 --> 00:18:39,760
work until seven o'clock at night when

499
00:18:43,430 --> 00:18:41,600
we have our evening conference we talk

500
00:18:45,029 --> 00:18:43,440
with the ground again to kind of sum up

501
00:18:47,590 --> 00:18:45,039
the day talk about the next day's

502
00:18:49,590 --> 00:18:47,600
activities and then

503
00:18:51,110 --> 00:18:49,600
and then the the time after that is our

504
00:18:52,230 --> 00:18:51,120
own so i'll spend that

505
00:18:54,150 --> 00:18:52,240
eating dinner

506
00:18:55,590 --> 00:18:54,160
responding to email

507
00:18:57,510 --> 00:18:55,600
talking with friends and family on the

508
00:18:58,549 --> 00:18:57,520
phone and then going to bed around 10 or

509
00:19:00,630 --> 00:18:58,559
11.

510
00:19:02,470 --> 00:19:00,640
so you're welcome thank you

511
00:19:04,230 --> 00:19:02,480
and that's an amazing thing you can now

512
00:19:05,990 --> 00:19:04,240
pick up the phone and call your friends

513
00:19:08,070 --> 00:19:06,000
and family it's uh it's incredible and

514
00:19:09,430 --> 00:19:08,080
it's fun to call down to earth and

515
00:19:11,430 --> 00:19:09,440
surprise people

516
00:19:13,669 --> 00:19:11,440
the connection is even better than

517
00:19:15,110 --> 00:19:13,679
my cell phone connection so it freaks

518
00:19:16,150 --> 00:19:15,120
people out a little bit because they're

519
00:19:18,549 --> 00:19:16,160
like i thought you were on the space

520
00:19:20,950 --> 00:19:18,559
station but that's a lot of fun well

521
00:19:23,190 --> 00:19:20,960
speaking of that i'd like to transition

522
00:19:24,950 --> 00:19:23,200
to the next segment we'll have some more

523
00:19:26,870 --> 00:19:24,960
q a in a few minutes but i'd like to

524
00:19:29,669 --> 00:19:26,880
transition to the next segment by

525
00:19:32,230 --> 00:19:29,679
playing a voicemail message that i had

526
00:19:34,070 --> 00:19:32,240
on my office telephone here a few months

527
00:19:35,909 --> 00:19:34,080
ago

528
00:19:37,750 --> 00:19:35,919
a message

529
00:19:40,070 --> 00:19:37,760
hey dr neil it's joe lingard calling

530
00:19:41,669 --> 00:19:40,080
from the international space station

531
00:19:44,630 --> 00:19:41,679
i was uh

532
00:19:47,430 --> 00:19:44,640
just going through um my

533
00:19:50,549 --> 00:19:47,440
personal stowage and i have both the

534
00:19:51,990 --> 00:19:50,559
gemini 4 patch and the aerospace museum

535
00:19:53,909 --> 00:19:52,000
flag i took pictures of those in the

536
00:19:55,750 --> 00:19:53,919
cupola for you all and look forward

537
00:19:57,350 --> 00:19:55,760
looking forward to bringing those back

538
00:19:59,430 --> 00:19:57,360
to you uh once i get back from my

539
00:20:01,270 --> 00:19:59,440
session thanks for going great up here a

540
00:20:03,350 --> 00:20:01,280
little over halfway done we got some

541
00:20:09,110 --> 00:20:03,360
exciting stuff on the horizon still a

542
00:20:14,070 --> 00:20:11,590
sickness capture and greeting new crew

543
00:20:16,070 --> 00:20:14,080
coming up in december so things are

544
00:20:19,029 --> 00:20:16,080
going great hope you are doing well and

545
00:20:21,510 --> 00:20:19,039
enjoying fall on the dc area and look

546
00:20:23,830 --> 00:20:21,520
forward to catching up with you and try

547
00:20:25,750 --> 00:20:23,840
and call back soon bye-bye

548
00:20:27,270 --> 00:20:25,760
that's kind of a mundane message for

549
00:20:29,350 --> 00:20:27,280
calling from the space station that is

550
00:20:30,950 --> 00:20:29,360
the first call from space i have ever

551
00:20:33,190 --> 00:20:30,960
received

552
00:20:34,710 --> 00:20:33,200
that was not faked we didn't record that

553
00:20:38,390 --> 00:20:34,720
that was actually

554
00:20:39,350 --> 00:20:38,400
on my voicemail and about three hours

555
00:20:41,510 --> 00:20:39,360
later

556
00:20:43,909 --> 00:20:41,520
the phone rang again and this time i was

557
00:20:46,149 --> 00:20:43,919
at my desk and i picked it up and it

558
00:20:47,669 --> 00:20:46,159
started the same way dr neal this is

559
00:20:50,070 --> 00:20:47,679
chill lundgren calling from the

560
00:20:51,350 --> 00:20:50,080
international space station uh that was

561
00:20:53,909 --> 00:20:51,360
one of those

562
00:20:56,230 --> 00:20:53,919
it only happens once kind of days i

563
00:20:58,710 --> 00:20:56,240
marked that in my calendar but i think

564
00:21:00,870 --> 00:20:58,720
that's a good intro

565
00:21:03,430 --> 00:21:00,880
to turning the program over to chell

566
00:21:05,909 --> 00:21:03,440
letting him show us uh his highlights

567
00:21:07,029 --> 00:21:05,919
video from his time on the space station

568
00:21:08,390 --> 00:21:07,039
are you going to be making some

569
00:21:10,390 --> 00:21:08,400
commentaries yeah i'll talk to you i'll

570
00:21:12,149 --> 00:21:10,400
talk us through the video and then we'll

571
00:21:14,870 --> 00:21:12,159
do some more questions and answer after

572
00:21:16,630 --> 00:21:14,880
that wonderful so get comfortable

573
00:21:18,470 --> 00:21:16,640
watch the movie

574
00:21:21,110 --> 00:21:18,480
we can even take the lights down here in

575
00:21:23,350 --> 00:21:21,120
the middle if we want

576
00:21:27,270 --> 00:21:23,360
so if you're looking at the screen

577
00:21:28,789 --> 00:21:27,280
you know our journey to space starts

578
00:21:31,190 --> 00:21:28,799
much earlier than just arriving at the

579
00:21:32,630 --> 00:21:31,200
launch pad it requires

580
00:21:33,750 --> 00:21:32,640
several years of training two and a half

581
00:21:35,830 --> 00:21:33,760
years of training just to become

582
00:21:37,909 --> 00:21:35,840
eligible to fly in space and then

583
00:21:39,110 --> 00:21:37,919
two years of mission specific training

584
00:21:42,070 --> 00:21:39,120
that training

585
00:21:44,070 --> 00:21:42,080
starts at jsc but

586
00:21:46,470 --> 00:21:44,080
ends up out in star city russia where we

587
00:21:50,870 --> 00:21:46,480
do our final exams in preparation for

588
00:21:54,470 --> 00:21:52,789
and then two weeks later uh well two

589
00:21:56,310 --> 00:21:54,480
weeks prior to launch we make our way

590
00:21:58,789 --> 00:21:56,320
out to baikonur

591
00:22:01,750 --> 00:21:58,799
we don our spacesuits and march out to

592
00:22:01,760 --> 00:22:06,230
that spacesuit make my butt look big

593
00:22:10,549 --> 00:22:08,950
i know you guys are thinking that

594
00:22:11,510 --> 00:22:10,559
expedition to the international space

595
00:22:13,510 --> 00:22:11,520
station

596
00:22:15,750 --> 00:22:13,520
we have the opportunity to uh for one

597
00:22:17,029 --> 00:22:15,760
last uh wave goodbye to our friends and

598
00:22:19,270 --> 00:22:17,039
family

599
00:22:21,669 --> 00:22:19,280
and then we climb up into the

600
00:22:23,270 --> 00:22:21,679
the capsule of the at the top of that

601
00:22:25,350 --> 00:22:23,280
soyuz rocket

602
00:22:34,630 --> 00:22:25,360
we make our final preparations

603
00:22:39,270 --> 00:22:36,710
now this is the way to go to space since

604
00:22:41,350 --> 00:22:39,280
the shuttle retired right that's right

605
00:22:43,909 --> 00:22:41,360
so this we're only flying in the the

606
00:22:45,750 --> 00:22:43,919
soyuz rocket now um it's interesting the

607
00:22:47,590 --> 00:22:45,760
shuttle leaps off of the

608
00:22:49,990 --> 00:22:47,600
the launch game entry once the solid

609
00:22:51,590 --> 00:22:50,000
rocket boosters light

610
00:22:53,510 --> 00:22:51,600
for the soyuz we actually don't know

611
00:22:55,590 --> 00:22:53,520
that we've lifted off unless we see the

612
00:22:56,950 --> 00:22:55,600
the clock counting up and that's because

613
00:22:59,350 --> 00:22:56,960
it takes a while to build up enough

614
00:23:01,350 --> 00:22:59,360
thrust to to lift the rocket off of the

615
00:23:02,950 --> 00:23:01,360
launch gantry and into the air but those

616
00:23:04,870 --> 00:23:02,960
g's build up very quickly up to about

617
00:23:07,110 --> 00:23:04,880
three and a half g's and then after

618
00:23:09,430 --> 00:23:07,120
about eight and a half minutes

619
00:23:13,590 --> 00:23:09,440
the third stage will shut down

620
00:23:16,630 --> 00:23:15,190
and that's when we know that we've made

621
00:23:17,990 --> 00:23:16,640
it into orbit

622
00:23:19,990 --> 00:23:18,000
now you see that bright white light

623
00:23:23,750 --> 00:23:20,000
coming through the window

624
00:23:26,310 --> 00:23:23,760
that was my first uh first view of the

625
00:23:29,190 --> 00:23:26,320
earth of the beautiful blue and white

626
00:23:30,870 --> 00:23:29,200
crescent of the earth shining um below

627
00:23:32,310 --> 00:23:30,880
us and it's a memory that i will never

628
00:23:34,310 --> 00:23:32,320
forget

629
00:23:37,590 --> 00:23:34,320
now it takes us eight and a half minutes

630
00:23:39,270 --> 00:23:37,600
to get into orbit but an additional

631
00:23:41,029 --> 00:23:39,280
six hours to catch up with the space

632
00:23:43,029 --> 00:23:41,039
station

633
00:23:44,950 --> 00:23:43,039
and so during that time we're making

634
00:23:47,510 --> 00:23:44,960
sure that the vehicle is performing

635
00:23:48,549 --> 00:23:47,520
correctly we're speaking with the ground

636
00:23:50,630 --> 00:23:48,559
but we're

637
00:23:51,990 --> 00:23:50,640
strapped down in the fetal position in

638
00:23:54,870 --> 00:23:52,000
the capsule

639
00:23:57,029 --> 00:23:54,880
and it's pretty uncomfortable so we are

640
00:23:58,630 --> 00:23:57,039
greatly anticipating getting to be get

641
00:24:00,950 --> 00:23:58,640
out of our seats and to get into the

642
00:24:03,110 --> 00:24:00,960
wider volume of the space station and

643
00:24:05,190 --> 00:24:03,120
it's a it's an amazing view to see the

644
00:24:07,110 --> 00:24:05,200
space station hanging there above the

645
00:24:08,789 --> 00:24:07,120
earth

646
00:24:10,710 --> 00:24:08,799
and this slow dance where we are

647
00:24:12,310 --> 00:24:10,720
approaching the space station and our

648
00:24:15,190 --> 00:24:12,320
capsule are both flying

649
00:24:16,789 --> 00:24:15,200
17 500 miles per hour and yet we are

650
00:24:18,390 --> 00:24:16,799
able to

651
00:24:24,549 --> 00:24:18,400
slowly approach

652
00:24:27,990 --> 00:24:26,149
another memory that i will never forget

653
00:24:30,230 --> 00:24:28,000
is the first time that uh

654
00:24:32,390 --> 00:24:30,240
that we open that hatch and see our

655
00:24:33,909 --> 00:24:32,400
colleagues our friends our crewmates

656
00:24:35,590 --> 00:24:33,919
floating there in the space station

657
00:24:47,430 --> 00:24:35,600
welcoming and welcoming us to our new

658
00:24:51,269 --> 00:24:49,269
so that's oleg kononenko my soyuz

659
00:24:53,029 --> 00:24:51,279
commander they're there i am and i'm

660
00:24:54,070 --> 00:24:53,039
followed by kimia yui my japanese

661
00:24:55,990 --> 00:24:54,080
crewmate

662
00:24:58,950 --> 00:24:56,000
and the first thing that we do is we fly

663
00:25:01,269 --> 00:24:58,960
float into uh the service module for

664
00:25:02,789 --> 00:25:01,279
for a brief uh conversation with our

665
00:25:04,149 --> 00:25:02,799
family and friends that are still down

666
00:25:06,549 --> 00:25:04,159
in baikonur

667
00:25:25,110 --> 00:25:06,559
in an auditorium so we can chat with

668
00:25:28,789 --> 00:25:27,110
you look happy that's a it's a good

669
00:25:30,149 --> 00:25:28,799
thing and in the background there

670
00:25:32,149 --> 00:25:30,159
there's uh

671
00:25:34,149 --> 00:25:32,159
my my youngest is asking me if that was

672
00:25:35,590 --> 00:25:34,159
the right of my life and it certainly

673
00:25:37,110 --> 00:25:35,600
was

674
00:25:38,630 --> 00:25:37,120
but this is the reason that we fly to

675
00:25:40,470 --> 00:25:38,640
space this is the reason that we do

676
00:25:42,549 --> 00:25:40,480
these long duration missions is to

677
00:25:44,070 --> 00:25:42,559
conduct science and research

678
00:25:45,029 --> 00:25:44,080
to extend our presence in the solar

679
00:25:47,750 --> 00:25:45,039
system

680
00:25:49,669 --> 00:25:47,760
and to improve life back here on earth

681
00:25:51,750 --> 00:25:49,679
we do that in the us laboratory we do

682
00:25:54,390 --> 00:25:51,760
that here in the european space agency's

683
00:25:58,390 --> 00:25:54,400
columbus module and here in the japanese

684
00:26:03,350 --> 00:26:00,549
this is a multi-purpose laboratory we're

685
00:26:04,149 --> 00:26:03,360
doing not just one type of science but a

686
00:26:08,149 --> 00:26:04,159
whole

687
00:26:10,390 --> 00:26:08,159
combustion

688
00:26:11,430 --> 00:26:10,400
investigations because in the absence of

689
00:26:12,830 --> 00:26:11,440
gravity

690
00:26:15,029 --> 00:26:12,840
there's no

691
00:26:17,430 --> 00:26:15,039
gravity-driven convection that is hot

692
00:26:19,669 --> 00:26:17,440
air doesn't rise and so flames will

693
00:26:20,789 --> 00:26:19,679
typically consume all of the oxygen in

694
00:26:22,470 --> 00:26:20,799
their local environment and then

695
00:26:23,990 --> 00:26:22,480
extinguish themselves

696
00:26:25,430 --> 00:26:24,000
and so we study flames to better

697
00:26:27,350 --> 00:26:25,440
understand how to harness that energy

698
00:26:30,230 --> 00:26:27,360
and also to prevent uh of course

699
00:26:32,710 --> 00:26:30,240
unwanted fires in the crew cabin

700
00:26:34,310 --> 00:26:32,720
another area of research is fluid

701
00:26:36,310 --> 00:26:34,320
dynamics

702
00:26:39,669 --> 00:26:36,320
in the absence of gravity the weaker

703
00:26:42,470 --> 00:26:39,679
forces of capillary

704
00:26:44,710 --> 00:26:42,480
motion and surface tension take over now

705
00:26:46,630 --> 00:26:44,720
this is an experiment called slosh now

706
00:26:48,870 --> 00:26:46,640
it's very pretty but it helps us to

707
00:26:51,190 --> 00:26:48,880
understand how liquids move in vessels

708
00:26:53,990 --> 00:26:51,200
like this and will help us understand

709
00:26:56,390 --> 00:26:54,000
how fuel moves in fuel tanks during

710
00:26:59,029 --> 00:26:56,400
vehicle maneuvers to better inform us on

711
00:27:00,950 --> 00:26:59,039
how to to build our fuel tanks this

712
00:27:02,630 --> 00:27:00,960
experiment is called capillary beverage

713
00:27:05,110 --> 00:27:02,640
and you can see that i'm drinking from a

714
00:27:07,750 --> 00:27:05,120
cup but in the absence of gravity and so

715
00:27:09,510 --> 00:27:07,760
here just the geometry and the materials

716
00:27:11,590 --> 00:27:09,520
used in that cup are helping to use

717
00:27:14,149 --> 00:27:11,600
capillary motion to deliver that fluid

718
00:27:16,630 --> 00:27:14,159
to my mouth and this will help us move

719
00:27:20,950 --> 00:27:16,640
fluids like fuel and fuel tanks

720
00:27:23,350 --> 00:27:20,960
without having to use power or or pumps

721
00:27:25,590 --> 00:27:23,360
this experiment is veggie our crew got

722
00:27:27,750 --> 00:27:25,600
to grow lettuce in space um and we were

723
00:27:31,909 --> 00:27:27,760
the first u.s crew to get to grow and

724
00:27:37,990 --> 00:27:35,669
and it tasted just like lettuce

725
00:27:39,110 --> 00:27:38,000
and not and and folks would ask me like

726
00:27:40,710 --> 00:27:39,120
what else are you growing or what else

727
00:27:45,430 --> 00:27:40,720
do you want to grow and so i'm i'm very

728
00:27:49,350 --> 00:27:47,510
this uh this is that slosh experiment

729
00:27:51,830 --> 00:27:49,360
again that green

730
00:27:54,470 --> 00:27:51,840
tank of fluid is now encapsulated in

731
00:27:56,230 --> 00:27:54,480
this this orange illuminated box and

732
00:27:58,549 --> 00:27:56,240
instead of moving it around manually

733
00:28:01,029 --> 00:27:58,559
we're using these small satellites

734
00:28:03,190 --> 00:28:01,039
powered by carbon dioxide jets cold gas

735
00:28:05,750 --> 00:28:03,200
jets to move this around and replicate

736
00:28:08,950 --> 00:28:05,760
those maneuvers

737
00:28:11,190 --> 00:28:08,960
here i'm installing a satellite launcher

738
00:28:13,350 --> 00:28:11,200
uh to be taken outside of the airlock

739
00:28:16,549 --> 00:28:13,360
and mounted on our robotic arm

740
00:28:18,470 --> 00:28:16,559
so we can actually launch satellites

741
00:28:19,669 --> 00:28:18,480
from the space station

742
00:28:21,350 --> 00:28:19,679
you can see one of those satellites

743
00:28:23,350 --> 00:28:21,360
there these satellites are built by

744
00:28:25,510 --> 00:28:23,360
universities and small companies to do

745
00:28:29,190 --> 00:28:25,520
research

746
00:28:31,269 --> 00:28:29,200
that we're on the space station to come

747
00:28:33,190 --> 00:28:31,279
to conduct this research

748
00:28:35,110 --> 00:28:33,200
to make life better for us all back here

749
00:28:36,870 --> 00:28:35,120
on earth now in order to do that

750
00:28:38,549 --> 00:28:36,880
research we have to stay healthy and

751
00:28:40,710 --> 00:28:38,559
weightlessness is incredibly hard on the

752
00:28:43,909 --> 00:28:40,720
human body it's like instead of spending

753
00:28:45,430 --> 00:28:43,919
141 days in space i spent 141 days

754
00:28:46,870 --> 00:28:45,440
laying in bed

755
00:28:48,950 --> 00:28:46,880
and so you can imagine if you laid in

756
00:28:50,630 --> 00:28:48,960
bed for that long period of time your

757
00:28:52,870 --> 00:28:50,640
muscles would become weak your bones

758
00:28:54,789 --> 00:28:52,880
would lose bone mass and your hearts

759
00:28:57,029 --> 00:28:54,799
wouldn't be as good responding to

760
00:28:58,789 --> 00:28:57,039
gravity and to exercise

761
00:29:00,950 --> 00:28:58,799
and so we have three countermeasures

762
00:29:03,029 --> 00:29:00,960
three exercises to prevent those changes

763
00:29:05,990 --> 00:29:03,039
from happening to keep us healthy for

764
00:29:07,909 --> 00:29:06,000
our return back to the earth

765
00:29:09,430 --> 00:29:07,919
now those exercises include things that

766
00:29:11,430 --> 00:29:09,440
you would be very familiar with down

767
00:29:12,710 --> 00:29:11,440
here on the earth one is we do weight

768
00:29:14,070 --> 00:29:12,720
lifting there's no weight in space

769
00:29:16,870 --> 00:29:14,080
though so we have a special machine

770
00:29:18,549 --> 00:29:16,880
called the a-red the advanced resistive

771
00:29:21,110 --> 00:29:18,559
exercise device

772
00:29:24,149 --> 00:29:21,120
and it uses evacuated cylinders to

773
00:29:26,149 --> 00:29:24,159
provide up to 600 pounds of resistance

774
00:29:27,269 --> 00:29:26,159
so that we can do tricep extensions

775
00:29:30,710 --> 00:29:27,279
sit-ups

776
00:29:31,430 --> 00:29:30,720
squats deadlifts exercises to load up

777
00:29:41,430 --> 00:29:31,440
our

778
00:29:44,149 --> 00:29:41,440
strength

779
00:29:45,510 --> 00:29:44,159
um to maintain cardiovascular or aerobic

780
00:29:46,870 --> 00:29:45,520
fitness we have a treadmill and you can

781
00:29:48,870 --> 00:29:46,880
see i'm wearing a harness that's holding

782
00:29:50,310 --> 00:29:48,880
me down to that treadmill if we didn't

783
00:29:52,710 --> 00:29:50,320
have that with that first step i would

784
00:29:54,549 --> 00:29:52,720
go flying off the treadmill and these uh

785
00:29:56,389 --> 00:29:54,559
these harnesses hold us down about 70

786
00:29:58,789 --> 00:29:56,399
percent of our body weight and provide a

787
00:30:00,470 --> 00:29:58,799
tremendous workout

788
00:30:02,149 --> 00:30:00,480
in addition we have a cycle ergometer an

789
00:30:03,990 --> 00:30:02,159
exercise bike and you can see kimia here

790
00:30:06,230 --> 00:30:04,000
exercising on that the one major

791
00:30:08,230 --> 00:30:06,240
difference is that there's no seat

792
00:30:11,590 --> 00:30:08,240
we don't have to sit down to exercise on

793
00:30:15,510 --> 00:30:13,350
now those are counter measures those

794
00:30:17,269 --> 00:30:15,520
exercises help keep us healthy

795
00:30:19,750 --> 00:30:17,279
um if there were a medical issue in

796
00:30:21,750 --> 00:30:19,760
space we have a medical kit also to

797
00:30:23,909 --> 00:30:21,760
address minor medical problems and you

798
00:30:25,990 --> 00:30:23,919
could see the diagnostic kit there

799
00:30:27,669 --> 00:30:26,000
if something serious did happen in space

800
00:30:29,510 --> 00:30:27,679
our first priority would be to evacuate

801
00:30:31,590 --> 00:30:29,520
that crew member back down to earth but

802
00:30:33,990 --> 00:30:31,600
for instance if i had to do cpr in space

803
00:30:35,750 --> 00:30:34,000
this is how you do cpr in weightlessness

804
00:30:36,710 --> 00:30:35,760
you actually flip out upside down and do

805
00:30:39,430 --> 00:30:36,720
it

806
00:30:41,830 --> 00:30:39,440
we can measure body mass in space using

807
00:30:43,350 --> 00:30:41,840
the spring constant a physics equation

808
00:30:45,110 --> 00:30:43,360
to figure out

809
00:30:47,350 --> 00:30:45,120
the mass at the end of a pendulum a

810
00:30:48,870 --> 00:30:47,360
spring

811
00:30:50,470 --> 00:30:48,880
and because of some of the changes that

812
00:30:52,389 --> 00:30:50,480
we experience in space

813
00:30:53,430 --> 00:30:52,399
in weightlessness we experience a fluid

814
00:30:55,029 --> 00:30:53,440
shift of

815
00:30:56,870 --> 00:30:55,039
blood and fluid up into our chest and

816
00:30:58,389 --> 00:30:56,880
head which we think increases the

817
00:31:00,230 --> 00:30:58,399
pressure around the brain that's

818
00:31:02,310 --> 00:31:00,240
transmitted along the optic nerve to the

819
00:31:04,149 --> 00:31:02,320
eye and actually changes the structure

820
00:31:06,630 --> 00:31:04,159
of the eye we have a number of tests a

821
00:31:09,029 --> 00:31:06,640
diagnostic test that we do on the on our

822
00:31:11,990 --> 00:31:09,039
eyes to make sure to follow the changes

823
00:31:14,149 --> 00:31:12,000
in structure and to track our eye health

824
00:31:16,070 --> 00:31:14,159
it includes fundoscopy taking a picture

825
00:31:18,950 --> 00:31:16,080
of the back of the eye before that was

826
00:31:21,029 --> 00:31:18,960
ocular coherence tomography amazing d

827
00:31:24,310 --> 00:31:21,039
amazingly detailed cross sections of the

828
00:31:26,149 --> 00:31:24,320
the the globe this is tonometry um where

829
00:31:28,070 --> 00:31:26,159
we're testing the intraocular pressure

830
00:31:30,470 --> 00:31:28,080
the pressure inside the eye we use

831
00:31:34,630 --> 00:31:30,480
ultrasound to look at our eyes to look

832
00:31:37,830 --> 00:31:34,640
at our hearts and also our blood vessels

833
00:31:39,830 --> 00:31:37,840
we even draw our own blood in space

834
00:31:42,310 --> 00:31:39,840
and some of that blood comes down with

835
00:31:44,549 --> 00:31:42,320
us in our space vehicles and some of it

836
00:31:46,230 --> 00:31:44,559
we'll put into our centrifuge spun at

837
00:31:49,509 --> 00:31:46,240
tens of thousands of revolutions per

838
00:31:50,630 --> 00:31:49,519
minute and then placed into our freezer

839
00:31:53,110 --> 00:31:50,640
on board

840
00:31:57,909 --> 00:31:53,120
for storage until it's brought down by a

841
00:32:04,710 --> 00:32:00,070
and you can see our minus 80 degree

842
00:32:08,389 --> 00:32:06,310
so that's the science that we do in

843
00:32:09,190 --> 00:32:08,399
space but we do other things up there as

844
00:32:11,909 --> 00:32:09,200
well

845
00:32:13,190 --> 00:32:11,919
um the cargo the the uh the time that i

846
00:32:14,870 --> 00:32:13,200
was up with there was during the

847
00:32:16,789 --> 00:32:14,880
one-year mission when scott kelly was up

848
00:32:18,870 --> 00:32:16,799
there and misha kornyenko were up there

849
00:32:20,470 --> 00:32:18,880
for an entire year now the soyuz

850
00:32:22,870 --> 00:32:20,480
spacecraft is only good to be in space

851
00:32:24,710 --> 00:32:22,880
for 200 days so we actually had a crew

852
00:32:26,389 --> 00:32:24,720
come up to bring up a new spacecraft for

853
00:32:28,470 --> 00:32:26,399
misha and scott

854
00:32:31,190 --> 00:32:28,480
and so about halfway through our mission

855
00:32:33,669 --> 00:32:31,200
we had sergey a russian cosmonaut the

856
00:32:37,509 --> 00:32:33,679
first danish astronaut andy mogensen and

857
00:32:39,350 --> 00:32:37,519
then a kazakh cosmonaut id ambatov

858
00:32:41,269 --> 00:32:39,360
come up to the space station for just 10

859
00:32:43,190 --> 00:32:41,279
days and bring that new spacecraft up

860
00:32:44,710 --> 00:32:43,200
there and so that was a phenomenal

861
00:32:47,190 --> 00:32:44,720
experience having this crew up there

862
00:32:48,950 --> 00:32:47,200
having a a crew on the space station of

863
00:32:51,590 --> 00:32:48,960
nine people instead of just the usual

864
00:32:53,269 --> 00:32:51,600
six um it gave us an opportunity to to

865
00:32:55,029 --> 00:32:53,279
hang out together

866
00:32:58,389 --> 00:32:55,039
to do some good science

867
00:33:00,230 --> 00:32:58,399
and to celebrate our cultures

868
00:33:01,590 --> 00:33:00,240
but after 10 days it was time to say

869
00:33:03,029 --> 00:33:01,600
goodbye and for all of you that have

870
00:33:05,590 --> 00:33:03,039
guests at your house it's always fun to

871
00:33:07,750 --> 00:33:05,600
say hello but it's always good to wave

872
00:33:09,830 --> 00:33:07,760
goodbye as well here's scott's trying to

873
00:33:15,509 --> 00:33:09,840
sneak a ride home early we had to call

874
00:33:19,590 --> 00:33:17,269
in addition to these vehicles that come

875
00:33:21,509 --> 00:33:19,600
up with crew on board we also have cargo

876
00:33:24,389 --> 00:33:21,519
vehicles constantly visiting the space

877
00:33:26,389 --> 00:33:24,399
station bringing food equipment

878
00:33:29,029 --> 00:33:26,399
scientific experiments and other

879
00:33:31,669 --> 00:33:29,039
supplies and so just a day before the

880
00:33:34,549 --> 00:33:31,679
end of my mission we had the the orbital

881
00:33:35,990 --> 00:33:34,559
atk cygnus vehicle cargo vehicle visit

882
00:33:38,870 --> 00:33:36,000
and i actually got to use the robotic

883
00:33:41,830 --> 00:33:38,880
arm there to grab it so video games do

884
00:33:46,950 --> 00:33:43,590
and

885
00:33:48,389 --> 00:33:46,960
exciting but also a very busy time

886
00:33:51,029 --> 00:33:48,399
because it

887
00:33:53,269 --> 00:33:51,039
it requires takes about 30 days to

888
00:33:55,110 --> 00:33:53,279
unload all that cargo off of the the

889
00:33:57,350 --> 00:33:55,120
cargo vehicle to find a place for it in

890
00:33:59,350 --> 00:33:57,360
the space station and then to pack that

891
00:34:01,110 --> 00:33:59,360
cargo vehicle back up with all the trash

892
00:34:03,350 --> 00:34:01,120
that we have on the space station for it

893
00:34:04,789 --> 00:34:03,360
to ultimately burn up in the atmosphere

894
00:34:06,470 --> 00:34:04,799
on re-entry

895
00:34:12,230 --> 00:34:06,480
and we can actually turn the music up

896
00:34:15,669 --> 00:34:13,510
um so

897
00:34:18,629 --> 00:34:15,679
in addition to that orbital atk vehicle

898
00:34:20,629 --> 00:34:18,639
we had a japanese htv cargo vehicle

899
00:34:22,389 --> 00:34:20,639
visit and kimia actually got to capture

900
00:34:25,430 --> 00:34:22,399
that one which was terrific he was the

901
00:34:28,629 --> 00:34:25,440
first japanese crew member to capture a

902
00:34:30,950 --> 00:34:28,639
japanese cargo vehicle

903
00:34:32,629 --> 00:34:30,960
and for any of those of you who do a lot

904
00:34:33,829 --> 00:34:32,639
of packing and unpacking you can you

905
00:34:35,510 --> 00:34:33,839
probably do this too i made a little

906
00:34:36,710 --> 00:34:35,520
tape ball you can see it flying by there

907
00:34:37,589 --> 00:34:36,720
in the background

908
00:34:39,589 --> 00:34:37,599
um

909
00:34:42,230 --> 00:34:39,599
but like i said at the end of uh at the

910
00:34:43,909 --> 00:34:42,240
end of the cargo mission we

911
00:34:45,909 --> 00:34:43,919
we pull that cargo vehicle back off the

912
00:34:47,589 --> 00:34:45,919
space station and send it back to earth

913
00:34:50,389 --> 00:34:47,599
to burn up in the earth's atmosphere and

914
00:34:52,869 --> 00:34:50,399
my youngest boy likes to say that one

915
00:34:54,869 --> 00:34:52,879
man's dirty underwear is another man's

916
00:34:56,149 --> 00:34:54,879
shooting star

917
00:35:12,790 --> 00:34:56,159
so

918
00:35:15,349 --> 00:35:12,800
cargo vehicle ops one of the most

919
00:35:16,390 --> 00:35:15,359
amazing experiences that i had during my

920
00:35:18,630 --> 00:35:16,400
expedition

921
00:35:21,030 --> 00:35:18,640
uh was the opportunity to do a space

922
00:35:23,990 --> 00:35:21,040
walk in fact two space walks with scott

923
00:35:25,910 --> 00:35:24,000
kelly we spend hundreds of hours in the

924
00:35:27,430 --> 00:35:25,920
neutral buoyancy laboratory the six

925
00:35:29,510 --> 00:35:27,440
million gallon pool that we have at

926
00:35:31,589 --> 00:35:29,520
johnson space center with a mock-up of

927
00:35:33,829 --> 00:35:31,599
the space station in it practicing how

928
00:35:36,390 --> 00:35:33,839
to use the suit how to use the equipment

929
00:35:37,829 --> 00:35:36,400
and how to stay safe during a spacewalk

930
00:35:39,910 --> 00:35:37,839
it takes two weeks to get all the

931
00:35:42,390 --> 00:35:39,920
equipment ready inside the space station

932
00:35:44,390 --> 00:35:42,400
and then ultimately the day that of suit

933
00:35:46,790 --> 00:35:44,400
up comes where we suit up

934
00:35:48,630 --> 00:35:46,800
and kimia puts us into the crew lock and

935
00:35:52,230 --> 00:35:48,640
locks us inside

936
00:35:55,829 --> 00:35:53,990
another one of those profound memories

937
00:35:57,510 --> 00:35:55,839
that i have of my mission

938
00:35:58,790 --> 00:35:57,520
was that first time when i opened the

939
00:36:01,910 --> 00:35:58,800
hatch

940
00:36:03,910 --> 00:36:01,920
and looked down at the earth

941
00:36:06,069 --> 00:36:03,920
rotating slowly below

942
00:36:07,030 --> 00:36:06,079
um and getting to see that full face of

943
00:36:09,829 --> 00:36:07,040
the earth

944
00:36:11,670 --> 00:36:09,839
uh in my ho in my full in my full vision

945
00:36:12,630 --> 00:36:11,680
and separated from that cold void of

946
00:36:15,510 --> 00:36:12,640
space

947
00:36:17,829 --> 00:36:15,520
by just a thin piece of plastic

948
00:36:19,430 --> 00:36:17,839
it is an amazing opportunity to get to

949
00:36:20,870 --> 00:36:19,440
to do a space walk

950
00:36:24,710 --> 00:36:20,880
and it's an experience that i will never

951
00:36:26,069 --> 00:36:24,720
forget but it is also uh the hardest

952
00:36:28,790 --> 00:36:26,079
thing that i've ever done mentally and

953
00:36:31,190 --> 00:36:28,800
physically um and so

954
00:36:32,790 --> 00:36:31,200
there's a great sense of satisfaction

955
00:36:35,190 --> 00:36:32,800
going outside

956
00:36:42,150 --> 00:36:35,200
successfully and safely uh performing

957
00:36:45,910 --> 00:36:44,470
it is uh

958
00:36:47,270 --> 00:36:45,920
it really drives home when you're

959
00:36:50,710 --> 00:36:47,280
outside

960
00:36:52,550 --> 00:36:50,720
that if there is an emergency if you get

961
00:36:54,710 --> 00:36:52,560
tied up in your safety harness or in

962
00:36:56,710 --> 00:36:54,720
your in your safety tether

963
00:36:58,710 --> 00:36:56,720
um if you get struck by a micro

964
00:37:01,270 --> 00:36:58,720
meteorite and develop a hole in your

965
00:37:03,349 --> 00:37:01,280
suit and start to lose pressure

966
00:37:04,550 --> 00:37:03,359
that uh that you have an amazing team on

967
00:37:07,349 --> 00:37:04,560
the ground

968
00:37:10,150 --> 00:37:07,359
that will feed you procedures until you

969
00:37:11,750 --> 00:37:10,160
uh what what's what's next we have an

970
00:37:13,109 --> 00:37:11,760
amazing crew inside the space station

971
00:37:14,069 --> 00:37:13,119
that are keeping track of what we're

972
00:37:15,829 --> 00:37:14,079
doing

973
00:37:16,950 --> 00:37:15,839
but if there is an issue outside it's

974
00:37:19,750 --> 00:37:16,960
just you

975
00:37:23,430 --> 00:37:19,760
and your spacewalking partner out there

976
00:37:24,390 --> 00:37:23,440
uh to get out of that bind um and and so

977
00:37:26,550 --> 00:37:24,400
we are

978
00:37:28,550 --> 00:37:26,560
amazingly grateful for the incredible

979
00:37:30,790 --> 00:37:28,560
training that we receive on the ground

980
00:37:40,870 --> 00:37:30,800
uh and the support we receive from our

981
00:37:44,470 --> 00:37:42,390
and of course at the end of your

982
00:37:46,150 --> 00:37:44,480
spacewalk

983
00:37:51,190 --> 00:37:46,160
you take a selfie

984
00:37:55,589 --> 00:37:53,589
so that's the work of space that's the

985
00:37:57,750 --> 00:37:55,599
cargo ops that's the maintenance that's

986
00:38:00,710 --> 00:37:57,760
the science that we do on the space

987
00:38:02,710 --> 00:38:00,720
station my favorite part of being in

988
00:38:05,829 --> 00:38:02,720
this a part of this long duration

989
00:38:07,670 --> 00:38:05,839
mission was getting to really learn what

990
00:38:12,230 --> 00:38:07,680
it's like to live and work in that

991
00:38:15,750 --> 00:38:13,910
to be in in this environment so

992
00:38:18,790 --> 00:38:15,760
completely different than what we grew

993
00:38:20,310 --> 00:38:18,800
up in uh in gravity all the time and so

994
00:38:23,270 --> 00:38:20,320
we have to do all the things that we do

995
00:38:24,550 --> 00:38:23,280
on earth uh in the morning i shave and

996
00:38:25,990 --> 00:38:24,560
so you don't need to use shaving cream

997
00:38:32,470 --> 00:38:26,000
in space you just squirt water in your

998
00:38:36,310 --> 00:38:35,030
this is how you get rid of uh bed head

999
00:38:38,790 --> 00:38:36,320
in the morning

1000
00:38:40,630 --> 00:38:38,800
or sleeping bag head

1001
00:38:43,510 --> 00:38:40,640
this is how you wash your hair in space

1002
00:38:45,270 --> 00:38:43,520
we have a no rinse shampoo squirt it on

1003
00:38:47,109 --> 00:38:45,280
lather it up

1004
00:38:50,390 --> 00:38:47,119
and then at the end you just dry it off

1005
00:38:54,870 --> 00:38:52,550
now i cut my own hair on the ground so i

1006
00:38:57,829 --> 00:38:54,880
cut my own hair in space and ended up

1007
00:38:59,109 --> 00:38:57,839
cutting everybody else's hair too

1008
00:39:01,030 --> 00:38:59,119
what they didn't know is that i only

1009
00:39:03,270 --> 00:39:01,040
know one haircut so

1010
00:39:04,630 --> 00:39:03,280
they all ended up with my haircut

1011
00:39:06,870 --> 00:39:04,640
there's our crew quarters that's where

1012
00:39:08,790 --> 00:39:06,880
we sleep and and spend our our private

1013
00:39:10,710 --> 00:39:08,800
time

1014
00:39:12,950 --> 00:39:10,720
i tested the patient of my crewmates by

1015
00:39:15,030 --> 00:39:12,960
playing the bagpipes in space and

1016
00:39:16,950 --> 00:39:15,040
and here i'm doing a little demo of the

1017
00:39:19,349 --> 00:39:16,960
sleeping bag scott thought i looked like

1018
00:39:21,589 --> 00:39:19,359
a great tackling dummy so he took

1019
00:39:28,390 --> 00:39:21,599
advantage of me there

1020
00:39:32,870 --> 00:39:30,950
now i love coffee our coffee in space is

1021
00:39:35,430 --> 00:39:32,880
pretty good i actually miss it but we

1022
00:39:37,270 --> 00:39:35,440
it's dehydrated and it's in a pouch like

1023
00:39:38,630 --> 00:39:37,280
a capri sun pouch and so

1024
00:39:40,150 --> 00:39:38,640
you don't get half of the experience you

1025
00:39:41,270 --> 00:39:40,160
don't have to smell the aroma of the

1026
00:39:44,069 --> 00:39:41,280
coffee so

1027
00:39:45,910 --> 00:39:44,079
uh and in addition is this

1028
00:39:47,349 --> 00:39:45,920
the air space museum is well aware of

1029
00:39:50,310 --> 00:39:47,359
all the first all the great firsts have

1030
00:39:52,390 --> 00:39:50,320
been taken first man or woman in space

1031
00:39:54,150 --> 00:39:52,400
first person on the moon so i decided i

1032
00:39:56,630 --> 00:39:54,160
would brew the first cup of coffee in

1033
00:39:58,630 --> 00:39:56,640
space um and so i took these pods of

1034
00:40:00,310 --> 00:39:58,640
coffee up with me draw took some hot

1035
00:40:01,109 --> 00:40:00,320
water off of our galley and pushed that

1036
00:40:01,990 --> 00:40:01,119
through

1037
00:40:03,670 --> 00:40:02,000
uh

1038
00:40:06,550 --> 00:40:03,680
into a cup and brewed the first

1039
00:40:13,910 --> 00:40:06,560
handcrafted pour over in space and it

1040
00:40:17,910 --> 00:40:15,990
we like it's fun to play with

1041
00:40:20,309 --> 00:40:17,920
stuff in space and so here this is a

1042
00:40:23,349 --> 00:40:20,319
ball of water that's got an alka-seltzer

1043
00:40:25,510 --> 00:40:23,359
and some food coloring in it um

1044
00:40:27,270 --> 00:40:25,520
here we just you just let water go and

1045
00:40:28,870 --> 00:40:27,280
float around a little bit

1046
00:40:30,390 --> 00:40:28,880
it's absolutely amazing and this is what

1047
00:40:32,069 --> 00:40:30,400
you might do if you're

1048
00:40:35,510 --> 00:40:32,079
adventurous and want to wash your face

1049
00:40:38,710 --> 00:40:37,190
and you can see over time how surface

1050
00:40:41,510 --> 00:40:38,720
tension is just going to carry this

1051
00:40:43,750 --> 00:40:41,520
across my face

1052
00:40:49,670 --> 00:40:43,760
this is also how you can drown in just

1053
00:40:49,680 --> 00:40:54,870
or blow bubbles

1054
00:40:57,750 --> 00:40:56,470
this is our dinner table so you can see

1055
00:41:00,630 --> 00:40:57,760
all the condiments there but you can see

1056
00:41:02,710 --> 00:41:00,640
that everything is velcroed or taped or

1057
00:41:04,309 --> 00:41:02,720
tucked under a bungee because you do not

1058
00:41:06,790 --> 00:41:04,319
want to be the guy that loses the hot

1059
00:41:08,470 --> 00:41:06,800
sauce you were in big trouble

1060
00:41:10,069 --> 00:41:08,480
um i'm making breakfast that was

1061
00:41:11,510 --> 00:41:10,079
scrambled eggs here's some sausage

1062
00:41:15,109 --> 00:41:11,520
patties

1063
00:41:16,230 --> 00:41:15,119
for a breakfast burrito

1064
00:41:18,550 --> 00:41:16,240
you can see i'm trying to lose the

1065
00:41:20,390 --> 00:41:18,560
mustard there but meal times were a

1066
00:41:22,309 --> 00:41:20,400
unique time to gather together with our

1067
00:41:23,589 --> 00:41:22,319
crew we would get together on friday

1068
00:41:24,710 --> 00:41:23,599
nights with our russian colleagues to

1069
00:41:25,829 --> 00:41:24,720
share dinner

1070
00:41:37,349 --> 00:41:25,839
and then

1071
00:41:39,109 --> 00:41:37,359
we talked a little bit about what do we

1072
00:41:41,349 --> 00:41:39,119
do to goof around a little bit so

1073
00:41:43,190 --> 00:41:41,359
definitely in our free time um we would

1074
00:41:48,550 --> 00:41:43,200
have little competitions this is called

1075
00:41:52,309 --> 00:41:50,150
threw the hatch into node two without

1076
00:41:55,030 --> 00:41:52,319
hitting anything it's a really long name

1077
00:42:00,790 --> 00:41:55,040
for a game but uh

1078
00:42:03,990 --> 00:42:02,390
and i know i made it there

1079
00:42:06,069 --> 00:42:04,000
i was pretty excited that was the first

1080
00:42:11,109 --> 00:42:06,079
time i ever pulled it off i was glad i

1081
00:42:15,430 --> 00:42:13,349
and we like to kind of recreate things

1082
00:42:18,069 --> 00:42:15,440
also from the movies that have inspired

1083
00:42:21,510 --> 00:42:18,079
us here i'm doing a little 2001 trying

1084
00:42:23,670 --> 00:42:21,520
to run around the spacecraft

1085
00:42:26,630 --> 00:42:23,680
turns out running is pretty hard so i go

1086
00:42:27,829 --> 00:42:26,640
to bicycling instead

1087
00:42:29,990 --> 00:42:27,839
and of course you can do those two

1088
00:42:31,430 --> 00:42:30,000
things on earth

1089
00:42:33,589 --> 00:42:31,440
this is pretty cool as soon as i stopped

1090
00:42:37,990 --> 00:42:33,599
bicycling i stopped moving but can you

1091
00:42:41,750 --> 00:42:39,670
so running and bicycling are hard work

1092
00:42:47,430 --> 00:42:41,760
so i just go to doing somersaults

1093
00:42:50,950 --> 00:42:49,670
but the thing that i think most of us

1094
00:42:52,470 --> 00:42:50,960
truly enjoy

1095
00:42:54,630 --> 00:42:52,480
um is

1096
00:42:56,790 --> 00:42:54,640
taking advantage of this amazing orbital

1097
00:42:58,630 --> 00:42:56,800
platform and enjoying the perspective

1098
00:43:01,829 --> 00:42:58,640
that we have from the space station

1099
00:43:03,670 --> 00:43:01,839
looking down at our absolutely gorgeous

1100
00:43:06,309 --> 00:43:03,680
blue and white

1101
00:43:09,349 --> 00:43:06,319
uh home our planet the earth

1102
00:43:11,510 --> 00:43:09,359
and so we have a beautiful window in the

1103
00:43:14,550 --> 00:43:11,520
in the lab a scientific window where we

1104
00:43:15,990 --> 00:43:14,560
can take video and pictures of forest

1105
00:43:17,349 --> 00:43:16,000
fires

1106
00:43:19,589 --> 00:43:17,359
of the

1107
00:43:20,630 --> 00:43:19,599
constantly changing uh tapestry of

1108
00:43:22,630 --> 00:43:20,640
clouds

1109
00:43:26,309 --> 00:43:22,640
of the the earth at night

1110
00:43:27,750 --> 00:43:26,319
storms in aurora

1111
00:43:29,349 --> 00:43:27,760
we have another window called the cupola

1112
00:43:31,190 --> 00:43:29,359
this is a seven bay window that kind of

1113
00:43:33,190 --> 00:43:31,200
bubbles out from the space station and

1114
00:43:36,309 --> 00:43:33,200
you can stick your head in that window

1115
00:43:38,069 --> 00:43:36,319
and see the entire face of the earth

1116
00:43:40,470 --> 00:43:38,079
and so it's an amazing place to take

1117
00:43:43,750 --> 00:43:40,480
photos and video but also an amazing

1118
00:43:45,430 --> 00:43:43,760
place to just float and reflect on this

1119
00:43:47,270 --> 00:43:45,440
once in a lifetime opportunity of

1120
00:43:48,870 --> 00:43:47,280
getting to live and work

1121
00:43:50,470 --> 00:43:48,880
on this modern

1122
00:43:54,470 --> 00:43:50,480
marvel of engineering that we have the

1123
00:43:58,150 --> 00:43:56,309
an opportunity to look back at the earth

1124
00:44:00,790 --> 00:43:58,160
again whether you're flying over the

1125
00:44:02,069 --> 00:44:00,800
same place twice it's always different

1126
00:44:05,190 --> 00:44:02,079
different weather different lighting

1127
00:44:06,950 --> 00:44:05,200
different seasons it's always gorgeous

1128
00:44:09,109 --> 00:44:06,960
to see the contrast between the deep

1129
00:44:11,430 --> 00:44:09,119
blues of the ocean and the tans of the

1130
00:44:14,790 --> 00:44:11,440
continents to fly over africa and the

1131
00:44:16,390 --> 00:44:14,800
deep browns and uh and in tans of that

1132
00:44:18,069 --> 00:44:16,400
continent

1133
00:44:21,750 --> 00:44:18,079
unfortunately we can see forest fires

1134
00:44:23,109 --> 00:44:21,760
and deforestation we can see pollution

1135
00:44:25,750 --> 00:44:23,119
and the effect that humanity's had on

1136
00:44:27,589 --> 00:44:25,760
the earth but we also get to see uh

1137
00:44:30,390 --> 00:44:27,599
gorgeous sites like the turquoise blue

1138
00:44:32,950 --> 00:44:30,400
of the caribbean and the dazzling whites

1139
00:44:35,349 --> 00:44:32,960
of the glaciers and snow on the

1140
00:44:37,190 --> 00:44:35,359
mountains of the south america you can

1141
00:44:38,630 --> 00:44:37,200
see amazing views like

1142
00:44:41,190 --> 00:44:38,640
storm systems like hurricanes and

1143
00:44:43,589 --> 00:44:41,200
typhoons you can watch the moon set and

1144
00:44:45,670 --> 00:44:43,599
if you stayed awake for 24 hours you

1145
00:44:47,910 --> 00:44:45,680
would be able to see 16 sunrises and

1146
00:44:50,550 --> 00:44:47,920
sunsets as we go around the earth every

1147
00:44:53,109 --> 00:44:50,560
92 minutes

1148
00:44:55,190 --> 00:44:53,119
but my easily my favorite view was to

1149
00:44:57,510 --> 00:44:55,200
look at the earth at night especially

1150
00:44:59,190 --> 00:44:57,520
flying over aurora it's the only time

1151
00:45:00,150 --> 00:44:59,200
that i got goosebumps on the space

1152
00:45:03,589 --> 00:45:00,160
station

1153
00:45:07,030 --> 00:45:03,599
flying over this dazzling neon cloud of

1154
00:45:09,349 --> 00:45:07,040
green purple and uh and reds

1155
00:45:12,069 --> 00:45:09,359
um and occasionally the lighting is is

1156
00:45:14,870 --> 00:45:12,079
perfect to see uh this beautiful milky

1157
00:45:18,390 --> 00:45:14,880
way that we are a part of

1158
00:45:20,950 --> 00:45:18,400
but for our crew at the end of 141 days

1159
00:45:23,030 --> 00:45:20,960
and for scott 340 days in space it meant

1160
00:45:25,990 --> 00:45:23,040
that our expedition came to an end now

1161
00:45:27,670 --> 00:45:26,000
that's a bittersweet time because uh it

1162
00:45:29,430 --> 00:45:27,680
means that

1163
00:45:31,270 --> 00:45:29,440
our time on the space station with our

1164
00:45:32,790 --> 00:45:31,280
friends our crewmates our colleagues is

1165
00:45:35,030 --> 00:45:32,800
coming to an end

1166
00:45:37,349 --> 00:45:35,040
that this experience to get to view the

1167
00:45:39,910 --> 00:45:37,359
earth from that perspective to be a part

1168
00:45:41,910 --> 00:45:39,920
of this incredible space station team

1169
00:45:44,470 --> 00:45:41,920
both on orbit and on the ground is

1170
00:45:46,550 --> 00:45:44,480
coming to an end but that day comes and

1171
00:45:48,470 --> 00:45:46,560
of course we are eager to return back to

1172
00:45:50,870 --> 00:45:48,480
the earth uh to see our family and

1173
00:45:53,190 --> 00:45:50,880
friends um so that when that day comes

1174
00:45:55,589 --> 00:45:53,200
we bid farewell to our our friends to

1175
00:45:57,670 --> 00:45:55,599
our crewmates but we get into our soyuz

1176
00:45:59,589 --> 00:45:57,680
spacecraft and we close the hatch

1177
00:46:01,030 --> 00:45:59,599
and after about an hour and a half two

1178
00:46:03,109 --> 00:46:01,040
hours after we've checked to make sure

1179
00:46:04,550 --> 00:46:03,119
that all the seals are holding that our

1180
00:46:06,550 --> 00:46:04,560
spacecraft and our spacesuits are

1181
00:46:08,950 --> 00:46:06,560
working properly we'll undock from the

1182
00:46:10,390 --> 00:46:08,960
space station and spend about an hour

1183
00:46:12,309 --> 00:46:10,400
and a half to two hours orbiting the

1184
00:46:14,550 --> 00:46:12,319
earth until we do our deorbit burn and

1185
00:46:17,030 --> 00:46:14,560
that deorbit burn slows the spacecraft's

1186
00:46:19,030 --> 00:46:17,040
orbit enough to dip our trajectory into

1187
00:46:20,309 --> 00:46:19,040
the atmosphere to slow us down to

1188
00:46:21,190 --> 00:46:20,319
decelerate

1189
00:46:22,630 --> 00:46:21,200
um

1190
00:46:24,230 --> 00:46:22,640
and when you look outside during that

1191
00:46:27,109 --> 00:46:24,240
deceleration as we're plummeting through

1192
00:46:30,230 --> 00:46:27,119
the atmosphere we are being enveloped in

1193
00:46:32,309 --> 00:46:30,240
a sheet of superheated air of plasma and

1194
00:46:34,230 --> 00:46:32,319
those sparks flying by are pieces of our

1195
00:46:37,109 --> 00:46:34,240
spaceship so that of course is a little

1196
00:46:39,589 --> 00:46:37,119
disconcerting but uh but the spaceship

1197
00:46:41,270 --> 00:46:39,599
works amazingly well the parachute comes

1198
00:46:43,270 --> 00:46:41,280
out and slows us down and carries us

1199
00:46:44,390 --> 00:46:43,280
down to the earth until we impact the

1200
00:46:46,069 --> 00:46:44,400
ground

1201
00:46:47,990 --> 00:46:46,079
which represents our landing back on

1202
00:46:50,230 --> 00:46:48,000
earth then after about 20 minutes the

1203
00:46:52,950 --> 00:46:50,240
search and rescue forces were there to

1204
00:46:54,790 --> 00:46:52,960
open the hatch and to pull us out and we

1205
00:46:57,349 --> 00:46:54,800
were all feeling great

1206
00:46:59,030 --> 00:46:57,359
they pulled us out sat us out to do some

1207
00:47:01,030 --> 00:46:59,040
quick medical tests and then put us into

1208
00:47:03,510 --> 00:47:01,040
a helicopter took us to a regional

1209
00:47:05,750 --> 00:47:03,520
airport where a nasa jet was waiting for

1210
00:47:08,470 --> 00:47:05,760
us and within 24 hours of landing in

1211
00:47:11,190 --> 00:47:08,480
kazakhstan in late december we were back

1212
00:47:13,109 --> 00:47:11,200
in ellington uh near in houston at

1213
00:47:14,150 --> 00:47:13,119
ellington field back in the arms of our

1214
00:47:16,950 --> 00:47:14,160
family

1215
00:47:19,589 --> 00:47:16,960
so that uh that was my

1216
00:47:21,270 --> 00:47:19,599
that was my five months uh my amazing

1217
00:47:23,910 --> 00:47:21,280
five months in space that's been a part

1218
00:47:30,230 --> 00:47:23,920
of a an overall extraordinary journey

1219
00:47:36,549 --> 00:47:31,910
wow

1220
00:47:39,030 --> 00:47:36,559
and and so as just kind of a book into

1221
00:47:41,910 --> 00:47:39,040
your earlier comments uh valerie i

1222
00:47:44,710 --> 00:47:41,920
wanted to tell you that i am very happy

1223
00:47:48,230 --> 00:47:44,720
that uh to fulfill my promise from my

1224
00:47:50,630 --> 00:47:48,240
phone message i am happy to return um

1225
00:47:53,990 --> 00:47:50,640
this gemini

1226
00:47:57,030 --> 00:47:54,000
gemini 4 patch to you and also this

1227
00:47:58,470 --> 00:47:57,040
national air and space museum flag um

1228
00:48:00,470 --> 00:47:58,480
i'd like to

1229
00:48:04,390 --> 00:48:00,480
we i flew this in celebration of the

1230
00:48:07,030 --> 00:48:04,400
50th anniversary of of ed white ii very

1231
00:48:08,390 --> 00:48:07,040
first american spacewalk 50 years ago

1232
00:48:10,150 --> 00:48:08,400
and then

1233
00:48:11,990 --> 00:48:10,160
i flew this in celebration of the

1234
00:48:14,390 --> 00:48:12,000
national air and space museum's 40th

1235
00:48:16,069 --> 00:48:14,400
birthday so thank you so much

1236
00:48:19,589 --> 00:48:16,079
thank you

1237
00:48:24,870 --> 00:48:22,150
uh i think we'll move to some uh more

1238
00:48:27,270 --> 00:48:24,880
questions and uh just wanted to make the

1239
00:48:29,670 --> 00:48:27,280
point before we do that that you ended

1240
00:48:33,829 --> 00:48:29,680
with these beautiful images of our

1241
00:48:36,870 --> 00:48:33,839
beautiful planet and uh jill had the

1242
00:48:40,870 --> 00:48:36,880
task and the honor while he was in space

1243
00:48:43,910 --> 00:48:40,880
to use an imax camera to film

1244
00:48:46,549 --> 00:48:43,920
these incredible vistas of earth and

1245
00:48:47,910 --> 00:48:46,559
that new imax film opens here this

1246
00:48:50,470 --> 00:48:47,920
weekend

1247
00:48:53,030 --> 00:48:50,480
it's called a beautiful planet

1248
00:48:55,109 --> 00:48:53,040
jill is in the film so if you come back

1249
00:48:57,270 --> 00:48:55,119
any time in the next few months to see

1250
00:49:00,069 --> 00:48:57,280
the movie you'll get to

1251
00:49:27,750 --> 00:49:00,079
see chill again in that

1252
00:49:27,760 --> 00:49:31,270
sure

1253
00:49:35,430 --> 00:49:33,829
of course no it's a great question so we

1254
00:49:37,670 --> 00:49:35,440
do amazing things on the international

1255
00:49:39,270 --> 00:49:37,680
space station the science and research

1256
00:49:41,270 --> 00:49:39,280
um that we're doing

1257
00:49:43,109 --> 00:49:41,280
uh to make life better back here on

1258
00:49:45,510 --> 00:49:43,119
earth the operational knowledge that

1259
00:49:47,510 --> 00:49:45,520
we're gaining to extend our presence in

1260
00:49:49,829 --> 00:49:47,520
the in the solar system hopefully

1261
00:49:51,910 --> 00:49:49,839
someday to to make that journey to mars

1262
00:49:53,270 --> 00:49:51,920
is critically important but i think that

1263
00:49:55,829 --> 00:49:53,280
the greatest benefit that we have

1264
00:49:58,230 --> 00:49:55,839
derived from this project

1265
00:50:00,790 --> 00:49:58,240
is the international cooperation uh the

1266
00:50:03,829 --> 00:50:00,800
participation of countries all over the

1267
00:50:05,829 --> 00:50:03,839
world of astronauts engineers scientists

1268
00:50:07,750 --> 00:50:05,839
from all over the world in this project

1269
00:50:09,990 --> 00:50:07,760
is really a demonstration of what we're

1270
00:50:12,069 --> 00:50:10,000
able to do when as great countries we

1271
00:50:14,069 --> 00:50:12,079
come together to work on a peaceful

1272
00:50:16,150 --> 00:50:14,079
project in cooperation and in

1273
00:50:18,069 --> 00:50:16,160
collaboration rather

1274
00:50:19,910 --> 00:50:18,079
than against each other and so i think

1275
00:50:22,309 --> 00:50:19,920
that that is uh truly the greatest

1276
00:50:24,309 --> 00:50:22,319
benefit of uh um

1277
00:50:25,430 --> 00:50:24,319
of the international space station and

1278
00:50:28,069 --> 00:50:25,440
that's the way that we're going to do

1279
00:50:30,950 --> 00:50:28,079
future exploration no one company no one

1280
00:50:33,750 --> 00:50:30,960
country uh can undertake the tasks that

1281
00:50:36,710 --> 00:50:33,760
lie ahead um to go to mars it's going to

1282
00:50:38,950 --> 00:50:36,720
require the best and brightest of all of

1283
00:50:40,549 --> 00:50:38,960
our countries the contribution of all of

1284
00:50:43,270 --> 00:50:40,559
our countries working together to pull

1285
00:50:45,510 --> 00:50:43,280
off that monumental task

1286
00:50:48,710 --> 00:50:45,520
and so i i truly believe that we are the

1287
00:50:49,990 --> 00:50:48,720
best when we're working together and so

1288
00:50:51,510 --> 00:50:50,000
and that's why i'm excited to be here

1289
00:50:53,430 --> 00:50:51,520
today to have the opportunity to talk

1290
00:50:54,710 --> 00:50:53,440
with students i see a lot of kids here

1291
00:50:56,069 --> 00:50:54,720
in the audience

1292
00:50:57,990 --> 00:50:56,079
this is the generation that's going to

1293
00:50:59,990 --> 00:50:58,000
take us to mars this is the generation

1294
00:51:01,270 --> 00:51:00,000
that's going to inspire us it's the

1295
00:51:02,230 --> 00:51:01,280
generation that's going to build the

1296
00:51:03,829 --> 00:51:02,240
rockets

1297
00:51:05,750 --> 00:51:03,839
that take us out of low earth orbit

1298
00:51:08,069 --> 00:51:05,760
again the generation that is going to

1299
00:51:10,309 --> 00:51:08,079
put that first footprint on mars and so

1300
00:51:12,549 --> 00:51:10,319
uh for the young young kids in the crowd

1301
00:51:15,270 --> 00:51:12,559
i i just i can't emphasize enough how

1302
00:51:17,030 --> 00:51:15,280
important it is to read um reading is a

1303
00:51:18,950 --> 00:51:17,040
portal to the knowledge that is

1304
00:51:20,630 --> 00:51:18,960
necessary um

1305
00:51:23,109 --> 00:51:20,640
to get to the point where you're gonna

1306
00:51:24,870 --> 00:51:23,119
be competitive to become an astronaut

1307
00:51:27,589 --> 00:51:24,880
and then for for the other kids in the

1308
00:51:29,030 --> 00:51:27,599
audience uh just pursuing your passion

1309
00:51:31,430 --> 00:51:29,040
your talents

1310
00:51:33,990 --> 00:51:31,440
especially within the stem disciplines

1311
00:51:36,230 --> 00:51:34,000
science technology engineering and math

1312
00:51:38,069 --> 00:51:36,240
um that is the language of a space

1313
00:51:41,109 --> 00:51:38,079
flight and so you have to be fluent in

1314
00:51:43,030 --> 00:51:41,119
that language and uh and so pursue that

1315
00:51:45,589 --> 00:51:43,040
passion make that goal

1316
00:51:48,710 --> 00:51:45,599
commit to it do something every day to

1317
00:51:50,390 --> 00:51:48,720
advance uh to to to pursue you know to

1318
00:51:52,950 --> 00:51:50,400
to make your way on that path on that

1319
00:51:55,349 --> 00:51:52,960
journey to that destination um and i'm

1320
00:51:57,750 --> 00:51:55,359
very excited to see some of these these

1321
00:51:59,829 --> 00:51:57,760
faces exploring with us in the future

1322
00:52:01,430 --> 00:51:59,839
thanks okay i think we have an online

1323
00:52:04,470 --> 00:52:01,440
question okay great let's see what's

1324
00:52:06,549 --> 00:52:04,480
coming in from outside um now that

1325
00:52:09,750 --> 00:52:06,559
you're back what's the best piece of

1326
00:52:11,510 --> 00:52:09,760
advice that a veteran astronaut gave you

1327
00:52:13,510 --> 00:52:11,520
before you left earth

1328
00:52:15,349 --> 00:52:13,520
that's interesting yeah let's see there

1329
00:52:18,710 --> 00:52:15,359
are a couple of things one

1330
00:52:20,950 --> 00:52:18,720
i would share three things um first of

1331
00:52:23,510 --> 00:52:20,960
all is to take time for yourself to

1332
00:52:25,430 --> 00:52:23,520
enjoy the experience i think once we get

1333
00:52:26,950 --> 00:52:25,440
up there to have that amazing

1334
00:52:29,109 --> 00:52:26,960
perspective from the space station to

1335
00:52:31,190 --> 00:52:29,119
look back at the earth and to see these

1336
00:52:33,349 --> 00:52:31,200
amazing views we immediately want to

1337
00:52:35,670 --> 00:52:33,359
share them we immediately grab for a

1338
00:52:38,150 --> 00:52:35,680
camera a still camera or a video camera

1339
00:52:40,230 --> 00:52:38,160
and want to film those and so uh some

1340
00:52:42,150 --> 00:52:40,240
great advice that i got was at least

1341
00:52:43,990 --> 00:52:42,160
once a day leave the camera behind

1342
00:52:45,750 --> 00:52:44,000
regardless of what you're looking at and

1343
00:52:48,150 --> 00:52:45,760
just float there and experience it with

1344
00:52:50,790 --> 00:52:48,160
your own eyes and enjoy that experience

1345
00:52:52,710 --> 00:52:50,800
because i think we are so we are so busy

1346
00:52:54,470 --> 00:52:52,720
up there and so eager to share the

1347
00:52:58,829 --> 00:52:54,480
experience that sometimes we miss some

1348
00:53:04,309 --> 00:53:01,829
um and then uh i guess a second piece of

1349
00:53:06,470 --> 00:53:04,319
advice was to to leave some reserve you

1350
00:53:08,470 --> 00:53:06,480
know again we're so busy up there and i

1351
00:53:10,950 --> 00:53:08,480
think that sometimes we will uh cheat

1352
00:53:13,190 --> 00:53:10,960
ourselves on on sleep a little bit just

1353
00:53:14,870 --> 00:53:13,200
to to fit every as much in to a day as

1354
00:53:16,549 --> 00:53:14,880
we can

1355
00:53:18,950 --> 00:53:16,559
to really protect that sleep so that we

1356
00:53:20,710 --> 00:53:18,960
don't get tired we don't get fatigued

1357
00:53:22,630 --> 00:53:20,720
so that we can do the job that we're

1358
00:53:24,790 --> 00:53:22,640
supposed to be doing up there but also

1359
00:53:26,150 --> 00:53:24,800
leaving a little bit in reserve both in

1360
00:53:28,069 --> 00:53:26,160
the space station and during our

1361
00:53:30,069 --> 00:53:28,079
spacewalks because there's always a

1362
00:53:32,790 --> 00:53:30,079
chance of an emergency

1363
00:53:34,870 --> 00:53:32,800
and uh and so

1364
00:53:36,150 --> 00:53:34,880
you have to have enough reserve to be

1365
00:53:37,990 --> 00:53:36,160
able to deal with those unexpected

1366
00:53:39,430 --> 00:53:38,000
situations coming up i think those are

1367
00:53:41,589 --> 00:53:39,440
probably the two best pieces of advice

1368
00:53:43,510 --> 00:53:41,599
that i got and with respect to sharing

1369
00:53:45,990 --> 00:53:43,520
you were very active on social media

1370
00:53:48,710 --> 00:53:46,000
weren't you twitter i think not as

1371
00:53:51,510 --> 00:53:48,720
active as some but um i tried to find

1372
00:53:54,069 --> 00:53:51,520
something at least every every day or so

1373
00:53:55,750 --> 00:53:54,079
that really stood out to me in terms of

1374
00:53:58,230 --> 00:53:55,760
the experience that we were having or

1375
00:53:59,670 --> 00:53:58,240
maybe a photo that i had taken to again

1376
00:54:01,589 --> 00:53:59,680
share that experience with friends

1377
00:54:03,430 --> 00:54:01,599
family and people interested in what we

1378
00:54:06,870 --> 00:54:03,440
were doing and that's really an amazing

1379
00:54:09,430 --> 00:54:06,880
aspect of social media you know

1380
00:54:11,510 --> 00:54:09,440
previously in previous missions

1381
00:54:12,870 --> 00:54:11,520
before social media you know of all the

1382
00:54:14,470 --> 00:54:12,880
pictures that we took there was somebody

1383
00:54:16,470 --> 00:54:14,480
on the ground at nasa that kind of

1384
00:54:18,710 --> 00:54:16,480
curated those pictures and maybe chose

1385
00:54:19,990 --> 00:54:18,720
out one and posted it to a nasa website

1386
00:54:21,670 --> 00:54:20,000
and so if you were interested in what we

1387
00:54:24,150 --> 00:54:21,680
were doing you had to go to a nasa

1388
00:54:25,829 --> 00:54:24,160
website to find that picture and now we

1389
00:54:28,150 --> 00:54:25,839
get to choose those photos we get to

1390
00:54:30,309 --> 00:54:28,160
choose those experiences and and really

1391
00:54:31,670 --> 00:54:30,319
share them within minutes of

1392
00:54:33,670 --> 00:54:31,680
of taking or experiencing that

1393
00:54:35,829 --> 00:54:33,680
particular view a great way to bring

1394
00:54:39,750 --> 00:54:35,839
space flight down to earth absolutely

1395
00:54:42,870 --> 00:54:41,589
what exactly was my mission that is a

1396
00:54:43,750 --> 00:54:42,880
great question

1397
00:54:45,510 --> 00:54:43,760
so

1398
00:54:47,990 --> 00:54:45,520
we are all trained

1399
00:54:50,150 --> 00:54:48,000
so whether you're a doctor an engineer

1400
00:54:52,309 --> 00:54:50,160
or a pilot we all get trained to do the

1401
00:54:54,630 --> 00:54:52,319
same stuff so we get trained to do the

1402
00:54:56,950 --> 00:54:54,640
science on the space station to do

1403
00:54:58,710 --> 00:54:56,960
maintenance to do space walks to use the

1404
00:55:00,309 --> 00:54:58,720
robotic arm

1405
00:55:01,750 --> 00:55:00,319
to do all of those things and so we

1406
00:55:04,069 --> 00:55:01,760
aren't in charge of our schedule the

1407
00:55:05,990 --> 00:55:04,079
ground spends hours and hours figuring

1408
00:55:08,069 --> 00:55:06,000
out the what the priorities are and

1409
00:55:09,589 --> 00:55:08,079
figuring out the best way to do things

1410
00:55:12,630 --> 00:55:09,599
and then basically

1411
00:55:14,390 --> 00:55:12,640
creates a schedule for us to do so it's

1412
00:55:15,910 --> 00:55:14,400
it's it's hard work

1413
00:55:17,750 --> 00:55:15,920
but we get great training we have a

1414
00:55:19,670 --> 00:55:17,760
great team it's amazing to be a part of

1415
00:55:22,150 --> 00:55:19,680
such an amazing team

1416
00:55:24,069 --> 00:55:22,160
at nasa and with our international

1417
00:55:26,069 --> 00:55:24,079
partners

1418
00:55:27,910 --> 00:55:26,079
to be successful at these very

1419
00:55:31,349 --> 00:55:27,920
challenging tasks

1420
00:55:36,710 --> 00:55:33,349
what did i eat in space well i ate

1421
00:55:39,349 --> 00:55:36,720
lettuce you probably saw that right yeah

1422
00:55:41,270 --> 00:55:39,359
and then our other food is

1423
00:55:43,829 --> 00:55:41,280
half of it is this this sounds really

1424
00:55:46,069 --> 00:55:43,839
appetizing thermostabilized and

1425
00:55:47,670 --> 00:55:46,079
irradiated so it's

1426
00:55:50,950 --> 00:55:47,680
prepared it's already prepared and it's

1427
00:55:52,870 --> 00:55:50,960
in these in these sealed bags and so you

1428
00:55:54,470 --> 00:55:52,880
basically go to the pantry and you

1429
00:55:57,190 --> 00:55:54,480
choose out well i'm gonna have i'm gonna

1430
00:55:58,069 --> 00:55:57,200
have beef stroganoff today or beefsteak

1431
00:55:59,670 --> 00:55:58,079
or

1432
00:56:02,230 --> 00:55:59,680
grilled chicken and you stick it in the

1433
00:56:03,109 --> 00:56:02,240
food warmer and then the other half is

1434
00:56:05,750 --> 00:56:03,119
uh

1435
00:56:07,030 --> 00:56:05,760
dehydrated and so a lot of our desserts

1436
00:56:08,870 --> 00:56:07,040
and snacks and those sorts of things are

1437
00:56:11,030 --> 00:56:08,880
dehydrated so we put either hot and cold

1438
00:56:12,710 --> 00:56:11,040
water in there depending on what the

1439
00:56:14,150 --> 00:56:12,720
food is supposed to be like and that's

1440
00:56:16,150 --> 00:56:14,160
what makes up our menu and they do a

1441
00:56:17,430 --> 00:56:16,160
pretty good job of variety for us but

1442
00:56:19,430 --> 00:56:17,440
unfortunately once you've been up there

1443
00:56:20,950 --> 00:56:19,440
for several weeks the menu starts to

1444
00:56:25,109 --> 00:56:20,960
repeat itself and

1445
00:56:30,230 --> 00:56:26,630
thank you for that question

1446
00:56:33,430 --> 00:56:30,240
all right thank you to our audience here

1447
00:56:35,510 --> 00:56:33,440
in the museum our audience online and

1448
00:56:36,870 --> 00:56:35,520
our audience on television for joining

1449
00:56:39,910 --> 00:56:36,880
us today

1450
00:56:41,990 --> 00:56:39,920
thank you to boeing our sponsor

1451
00:56:44,470 --> 00:56:42,000
for this program but most of all thank

1452
00:56:46,950 --> 00:56:44,480
you to astronaut joe lindgren for

1453
00:56:48,870 --> 00:56:46,960
spending this hour with us and sharing

1454
00:56:50,870 --> 00:56:48,880
your experience so well thank you so

1455
00:56:55,829 --> 00:56:50,880
much it's been a thrill who wants to go

1456
00:56:59,349 --> 00:56:57,349
well i want to i want to thank you for

1457
00:57:02,390 --> 00:56:59,359
having me today uh thank you for

1458
00:57:03,829 --> 00:57:02,400
inspiring me and uh my colleagues to to

1459
00:57:06,309 --> 00:57:03,839
chase this dream and thank you for

1460
00:57:07,910 --> 00:57:06,319
inspiring uh our future explorers thank